A cikin 2021, tallace-tallace na EV na duniya zai kai kashi 9% na jimlar siyar da motocin fasinja.
Don haɓaka wannan adadin, baya ga saka hannun jari mai yawa a cikin sabbin wuraren kasuwanci don haɓaka haɓakawa, ƙira da haɓaka aikin lantarki, masu kera motoci da masu samar da kayayyaki suma suna ƙwaƙƙwaran kwakwalensu don yin shiri don tsara abubuwan abubuwan hawa na gaba.
Misalai sun haɗa da batura masu ƙarfi, injina mai gudana axial, da tsarin lantarki na 800-volt waɗanda ke yin alƙawarin yanke lokutan caji cikin rabi, rage girman baturi da tsadar gaske, da haɓaka ingancin tuƙi.
Ya zuwa yanzu, ƙananan motoci kaɗan ne kawai suka yi amfani da tsarin mai ƙarfin volt 800 maimakon 400 na kowa.
Model da tsarin 800-volt riga a kasuwa sune: Porsche Taycan, Audi E-tron GT, Hyundai Ioniq 5 da Kia EV6.Lucid Air limousine yana amfani da gine-ginen 900-volt, kodayake masana masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa tsarin fasaha ne na 800-volt.
Daga hangen masu samar da kayan aikin EV, gine-ginen batir 800-volt zai zama fasaha mafi girma a ƙarshen 2020s, musamman yayin da ƙarin keɓancewar gine-ginen 800-volt duk dandamali na lantarki, kamar Hyundai's E-GMP da PPE na Volkswagen Group.
Hyundai Motor's E-GMP tsarin lantarki na zamani yana samar da Vitesco Technologies, wani kamfani mai sarrafa wutar lantarki wanda ya tashi daga Continental AG, don samar da inverters 800-volt;Volkswagen Group PPE shine gine-ginen baturi mai ƙarfin volt 800 wanda Audi da Porsche suka haɓaka tare.Modular lantarki dandamalin abin hawa.
"A shekara ta 2025, samfura tare da tsarin 800-volt zai zama ruwan dare gama gari," in ji Dirk Kesselgruber, shugaban rukunin motocin lantarki na GKN, kamfanin haɓaka fasaha.GKN kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da Tier 1 da yawa da ke amfani da fasaha, yana samar da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kamar 800-volt axles na lantarki, tare da sa ido kan samarwa da yawa a cikin 2025.
Ya gaya wa Automotive News Turai, "Muna tunanin tsarin 800-volt zai zama na al'ada. Hyundai ya kuma tabbatar da cewa yana iya yin gasa daidai da farashi."
A Amurka, Hyundai IQNIQ 5 yana farawa a $43,650, wanda ya fi matsakaicin farashin dala 60,054 na motocin lantarki a cikin Fabrairu 2022, kuma masu amfani da yawa za su iya karba.
"800 volts shine mataki na gaba na ma'ana a cikin juyin halittar motocin lantarki masu tsabta," Alexander Reich, shugaban sabbin wutar lantarki a Vitesco, ya ce a cikin wata hira.
Baya ga samar da inverters 800-volt don dandamalin lantarki na zamani na Hyundai's E-GMP, Vitesco ya kulla wasu manyan kwangiloli, gami da inverters na babban mai kera motoci na Arewacin Amurka da manyan EV guda biyu a China da Japan.Mai kaya yana ba da motar.
Bangaren tsarin lantarki na 800-volt yana girma da sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma abokan ciniki suna karuwa sosai, Harry Husted, babban jami'in fasaha a mai samar da sassan motoci na Amurka BorgWarner, ya ce ta imel.sha'awa.Mai siyarwar ya kuma sami wasu umarni, gami da haɗaɗɗen ƙirar tuƙi don alamar alatu ta China.
1. Me yasa volts 800 shine "mataki na gaba mai ma'ana"?
Menene ma'anar tsarin 800-volt idan aka kwatanta da tsarin 400-volt na yanzu?
Na farko, za su iya isar da iko iri ɗaya a ƙaramin halin yanzu.Ƙara lokacin caji da 50% tare da girman baturi iri ɗaya.
Sakamakon haka, baturi, mafi tsada a cikin abin hawa na lantarki, ana iya yin ƙarami, yana ƙaruwa da inganci yayin rage nauyi gaba ɗaya.
Otmar Scharrer, babban mataimakin shugaban fasahar samar da wutar lantarki a ZF, ya ce: "Farashin motocin lantarki bai kai matakin da motocin mai ba, kuma karamin baturi zai zama mafita mai kyau. Har ila yau, samun babban baturi a ciki. babban ƙaramin tsari kamar Ioniq 5 ba shi da ma'ana a cikin kansa. "
Reich ya ce "Ta hanyar ninka ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kuma halin yanzu iri ɗaya, motar za ta iya samun makamashi sau biyu.""Idan lokacin cajin ya yi sauri sosai, motar lantarki ba za ta buƙaci ɗaukar lokaci ba don yin tafiya mai nisan kilomita 1,000."
Na biyu, saboda mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki yana samar da wutar lantarki iri ɗaya tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, igiyoyi da wayoyi kuma za a iya sanya su ƙarami da sauƙi, rage yawan amfani da tagulla mai tsada da nauyi.
Hakanan za'a rage ƙarfin da ya ɓace daidai da haka, yana haifar da mafi kyawun juriya da ingantaccen aikin injin.Kuma babu wani hadadden tsarin sarrafa zafi da ake buƙata don tabbatar da batirin yana aiki a mafi kyawun zafin jiki.
A ƙarshe, lokacin da aka haɗa su da fasahar silicon carbide microchip mai tasowa, tsarin 800-volt na iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kashi 5 cikin ɗari.Wannan guntu yana yin asarar kuzari kaɗan lokacin canzawa kuma yana da tasiri musamman don sabunta birki.
Saboda sabbin guntuwar siliki na siliki suna amfani da ƙarancin siliki mai tsafta, farashin zai iya zama ƙasa kuma ana iya ba da ƙarin kwakwalwan kwamfuta zuwa masana'antar kera motoci, in ji masu ba da kaya.Saboda sauran masana'antu suna yin amfani da kwakwalwan siliki duka, suna gasa tare da masu kera motoci akan layin samar da semiconductor.
"A ƙarshe, haɓaka tsarin 800-volt yana da mahimmanci," in ji Kessel Gruber na GKN.
2. 800-volt shimfidar tashar tashar caji
Ga wata tambaya: Yawancin tashoshin cajin da ake da su suna dogara ne akan tsarin 400-volt, shin da gaske akwai fa'ida ga motoci masu amfani da tsarin 800-volt?
Amsar da masana masana'antu suka bayar ita ce: e.Kodayake abin hawa yana buƙatar kayan aikin caji na 800-volt.
"Yawancin abubuwan da ake da su na cajin gaggawa na DC na motocin masu karfin volt 400 ne," in ji Hursted."Don cimma 800-volt caji mai sauri, muna buƙatar sabon ƙarni na babban ƙarfin lantarki, manyan caja masu sauri na DC."
Wannan ba matsala ba ce ga cajin gida, amma ya zuwa yanzu cibiyoyin cajin jama'a mafi sauri a Amurka sun iyakance.Reich yana tunanin matsalar ta fi ta'azzara ga tashoshin caji na babbar hanya.
A Turai, duk da haka, hanyoyin cajin tsarin 800-volt suna kan haɓaka, kuma Ionity yana da adadin cajin manyan titin 800-volt, kilowatt 350 a duk faɗin Turai.
Ionity EU aikin haɗin gwiwa ne na masu kera motoci da yawa don hanyar sadarwar manyan tashoshin caji don motocin lantarki, wanda BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ford Motor da Volkswagen suka kafa.A cikin 2020, Hyundai Motor ya shiga a matsayin mai hannun jari na biyar mafi girma.
"Caja 800-volt, 350-kilowatt caja yana nufin lokacin cajin kilomita 100 na mintuna 5-7," in ji Schaller na ZF."Kopin kofi kenan."
"Hakika wannan fasaha ce mai kawo cikas. Hakanan zai taimaka wa masana'antar kera motoci shawo kan mutane da yawa don rungumar motocin lantarki."
A cewar wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan daga Porsche, yana ɗaukar kimanin mintuna 80 don ƙara mil 250 na kewayon a cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta 50kW, 400V;Minti 40 idan 100kW ne;idan sanyaya filogin caji (farashi, nauyi da rikitarwa), wanda zai iya ƙara rage lokacin zuwa mintuna 30.
"Saboda haka, a cikin neman cimma babban caji mai sauri, canzawa zuwa mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki abu ne da ba makawa," rahoton ya kammala.Porsche ya yi imanin cewa tare da ƙarfin caji na 800-volt, lokacin zai ragu zuwa kusan mintuna 15.
Yin caji cikin sauƙi da sauri kamar mai - akwai kyakkyawar dama da zai faru.
3. Majagaba a masana'antu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya
Idan fasahar 800-volt hakika tana da kyau sosai, yana da kyau a tambayi dalilin da yasa, ban da samfuran da aka ambata, kusan dukkanin motocin lantarki har yanzu suna dogara ne akan tsarin 400-volt, har ma da shugabannin kasuwa Tesla da Volkswagen.?
Schaller da sauran masana sun danganta dalilan da "dama" da "kasancewar masana'antu da farko."
Gida na yau da kullun yana amfani da volts 380 na AC mai mataki uku (yawan ƙarfin lantarki a zahiri kewayo ne, ba ƙayyadaddun ƙima ba), don haka lokacin da masu kera motoci suka fara fitar da kayan haɗin gwal da motocin lantarki masu tsafta, kayan aikin caji sun riga sun kasance a can.Kuma an gina igiyar farko ta motocin lantarki akan abubuwan da aka ƙera don nau'ikan nau'ikan toshe, waɗanda suka dogara da tsarin 400-volt.
"Lokacin da kowa ke kan 400 volts, yana nufin wannan shine matakin ƙarfin lantarki da ke samuwa a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa a ko'ina," in ji Schaller."Shi ne mafi dacewa, yana samuwa nan da nan. Don haka mutane ba sa tunani da yawa. Nan da nan yanke shawarar."
Kessel Gruber ya yaba Porsche a matsayin majagaba na tsarin 800-volt saboda ya fi mayar da hankali kan aiki fiye da aiki.
Porsche yayi ƙoƙari ya sake yin la'akari da abin da masana'antu suka ɗauka daga baya.Ya tambayi kansa: "Shin da gaske wannan shine mafi kyawun mafita?""Za mu iya tsara shi daga karce?"Wannan shine kyawun kasancewar ƙwararren mai kera motoci.
Masana masana'antu sun yarda cewa lokaci ne kawai kafin ƙarin EV 800-volt su shigo kasuwa.
Babu ƙalubalen fasaha da yawa, amma sassan suna buƙatar haɓakawa da inganta su;farashi na iya zama batun, amma tare da sikelin, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙarancin jan ƙarfe, ƙananan farashi zai zo nan da nan.
Volvo, Polestar, Stellantis da General Motors sun riga sun bayyana cewa samfuran nan gaba za su yi amfani da fasahar.
Ƙungiyar Volkswagen na shirin ƙaddamar da kewayon motoci a kan dandalinta na PPE mai nauyin 800-volt, ciki har da sabon Macan da motar motar tasha bisa sabon tsarin A6 Avant E-tron.
Haka kuma wasu kamfanonin kera motoci na kasar Sin sun ba da sanarwar za su tashi zuwa gine-gine mai karfin volt 800, wadanda suka hada da Xpeng Motors, NIO, Li Auto, BYD da Lotus mallakar Geely.
"Tare da Taycan da E-tron GT, kuna da abin hawa tare da aikin jagoranci na aji. Ioniq 5 tabbaci ne cewa motar iyali mai araha mai yiwuwa ne," in ji Kessel Gruber."Idan waɗannan ƴan motocin za su iya yin hakan, to kowace mota za ta iya yin hakan."
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-19-2022